Aquan
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The Aquans were the water-breathing natives of the planet Argo. They are characterized by greenish skin, webbed hands and feet, small fins along the forearms, lower legs, and sides. They also have a second eyelid like many fish and amphibians of Earth and a set of gills along their neck.
Aquans consider themselves a handsome race and they distrust air-breathers for the most part. The Aquan civilization was an example of forced evolution. Thousands of years before the 23rd Century, the Aquans were air-breathers, but massive planet-wide earthquakes flooded the entire planet. They were forced to adapt to be able to breath underwater. Fortunately, their medical science technology was advanced enough to induce a necessary mutation, called a surgo-op, to ensure the survival of the entire species.
The Aquans were governed by a Ruling Tribunal of the Aquans, guided by the Aquan ordainments. They have several large underwater cities around the globe.
In 2269, the crew of the USS Enterprise visited Argo and discovered the underwater society. On an away mission, Commander Spock and Capt. James T. Kirk were temporarily altered to become water-breathers. Fortunately, Doctor McCoy discovered that the venom of the sur-snake contained an antidote, and they were returned to normal. To save a major Aquan city from another earthquake, the Enterprise used its phasers to shift the epicenter to an inhabited location. The resulting quake formed new landmasses, which some of the younger of the species decided to inhabit to return to breathing air. (TAS: The Ambergris Element")
Those Aquans now residing on land are called "dual-breathers" and a handful now serve in Starfleet.